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为探讨不同有机物料对植烟土壤的改良效应,通过2015—2017年的田间定位小区试验,研究了水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆、烟草秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥对植烟土壤养分、酶活性、微生物数量和功能性菌群的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥可提高土壤速效钾、有机碳、有效锌、有效镁和有效硼含量(质量分数);土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性呈增加趋势,较对照分别提高55.0%、25.1%和129.5%,以腐熟有机肥处理的效果最好。秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥处理的土壤微生物OTUs总量为8 038～8 643,较对照提高7.4%～15.5%。施用腐熟有机肥还提高了土壤微生物群落多样性和丰富度,降低固氮菌微生物的相对丰度;而秸秆还田降低了土壤硝化功能菌和反硝化功能菌微生物的相对丰度,提高固氮菌微生物的相对丰度和土壤微生物固氮水平。秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥可降低土壤中烟草致病菌的相对丰度,腐熟有机肥处理较对照降低37.9%,且降低烟草感病风险的效果优于秸秆还田。综合分析,腐熟有机肥还田比秸秆还田对烟叶生产更为有利。
Abstract：To investigate the effects of different organic materials on soil amelioration, a field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017. The effects of rice straw returning, maize stalk returning, tobacco stalk returning and decomposed organic manure on the nutrient contents, enzyme activities, microbial quantity and functional microbes in tobacco-planting soils were studied. The results showed that straw returning and decomposed organic manure increased the contents of organic carbon, available potassium, zinc, magnesium and boron.Comparing with the control, the activities of invertase, urease and phosphatase were increased by 55.0%, 25.1%and 129.5%, respectively. Especially, decomposed organic manure had an excellent effect. Under the treatments of straw returning and decomposed organic manure, the total amount of OTUs of soil microbes were 8 038-8 643 and increased by 7.4%-15.5% comparing with the control. Decomposed organic manure promoted the community diversity and abundance of microbes and decreased the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing microbes. Straw returning decreased the relative abundances of nitrification and denitrification microbes and improved the relative abundance of nitrogen-fixing microbes and their nitrogen-fixing ability. Straw returning and decomposed organic manure reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria in tobacco-planting soils, decomposed organic manure decreased by 37.9% comparing with the control, and its susceptible risk reducing effect was better than straw returning. In conclusion, the effects of decomposed organic manure were morebeneficialtotobacco
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基本信息:
DOI：10.16135/j.issn1002-0861.2018.0255
中图分类号:S572;S141
引用信息:
[1]樊俊,谭军,王瑞,等.秸秆还田和腐熟有机肥对植烟土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响[J].烟草科技,2019,52(02):12-18+61.DOI:10.16135/j.issn1002-0861.2018.0255.
基金信息:
中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“基于宏基因学的植烟土壤健康评价研究与应用”(110201402016);中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“湖北烟区土壤保育及修复技术研究与应用”(110201502014)